The only thing I can answer at this time is your first question...

ASU did this for me as well so my workaround was to download the updates from Apple and place the .pkg files into my downloads folder then run ASU and deselect these updates (but select a different update) then run it. If you don't have another update to run, then use the new AMD Patcher with the .pkg files that you've placed in your downloads folder and drag them onto the app. restart, then rerun ASU... it should be up to date.

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